Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Options

Introduction

The arrival of a newborn is often considered a time of unbridled joy and familial bliss. Especially in a country like India, where the birth of a child is a significant family milestone, the focus is frequently on the baby and the new mother’s physical well-being. However, lurking beneath the surface of this celebratory facade is a silent epidemic, one that is often overlooked, undiagnosed and swept aside—postpartum depression. 

While the condition, often referred to as PPD, affects approximately 10% of women globally, the statistics in India are a much higher number. A recent study published in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry reveals that 22% of Indian mothers grapple with postpartum depression. This means that one in five new mothers in India experience the debilitating effects of postpartum depression, a disease with consequences that extend far beyond the individual.

Postpartum depression not only affects a woman’s mental and physical health but also her caregiving abilities which in turn could affect the child’s holistic development. By understanding these symptoms, we can empower both mothers and their support networks to navigate the challenges of this period with greater care and effectiveness. In the following sections, we will delve into the complexities of postpartum depression, providing insights into early warning signs, treatment options, and self-care strategies.

Understanding Postpartum depression

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that can affect a woman after childbirth, typically resulting from a combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustments, fatigue, and postnatal stress. 

Unlike  ‘baby blues’,  ‘maternity blues’ or ‘postpartum blues’ which affect nearly 50% of all new mothers and are characterised by heightened emotions, postpartum depression is more severe. It is sets in anywhere between a few hours after birth to months at a stretch. 

Postpartum depression vs. postpartum blues vs. postpartum psychosis

While postpartum depression is distinct from postpartum blues and postpartum psychosis, it is often misunderstood. Postpartum blues are characterized by mild mood swings and typically resolve within a few days. In contrast, postpartum depression is more severe, with persistent symptoms like sadness, anxiety, and difficulty bonding with the baby, interfering with daily life.

Postpartum psychosis, on the other hand, is rare and affects about 1 to 2 women per 1000 childbirths, but it is often more severe than the former conditions. It is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and extreme mood swings and requires urgent medical intervention.

Risk factors for Postpartum Depression

While postpartum depression (PPD) can affect any woman after childbirth, certain factors can increase the risk. A personal or family history of depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder can elevate the likelihood of experiencing PPD. Lack of strong social support and difficulties with breastfeeding can also contribute to the development of this condition. It’s important to note that these factors don’t guarantee the onset of postpartum depression, but being aware of them can help women identify potential warning signs and seek support early on.

Symptoms of postpartum depression

The symptoms of postpartum depression can show up in various ways and may differ from person to person. From mild emotional disturbances or heightened emotions to an intense feeling of hopelessness. Recognising these early warning signs is crucial to ensure that post-pregnancy depression does not turn into a long-lasting health condition. 

It’s essential to remember that experiencing these challenges does not equate to personal failure. Rather, it signifies a need for support and understanding. By seeking professional help, countless women have found their way back to emotional well-being and a fulfilling motherhood journey.

Causes Of Postpartum Depression

While the exact cause of postpartum depression (PPD) remains unclear, it is speculated and likely caused by a complex interplay of physical and emotional factors. 

For example, one of the key contributing factors is the dramatic hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the dramatic drop in progesterone along with other hormones after birth may have a role in postpartum depression. These hormones rise significantly during pregnancy and drop sharply after delivery. This drop usually occurs within 3 days of delivery resulting in an abrupt decline in hormones. This change can disrupt the delicate chemical balance within the brain, potentially leading to mood swings and other symptoms associated with postpartum depression.

Furthermore, the sleep deprivation that many new mothers face can significantly worsen feelings of exhaustion and physical discomfort, thus increasing the vulnerability to postpartum depression. Additionally, the social and psychological adjustments of motherhood can further complicate this emotional landscape. Social and psychological adjustments also impact the likelihood of developing postpartum depression. 

The physical changes to the body, lack of sleep, concerns about parenting, and shifts in relationships can all contribute to increased vulnerability. Further research is required to fully grasp how these factors relate to postpartum depression, but identifying these potential triggers is crucial for effective management and treatment. If you or someone you care about is experiencing postpartum depression, consider seeking help from a postpartum depression therapist near you. 

Duration of Postpartum depression

Postpartum depression can last until one year after your child is born. However, the time period is not the same for every mother. While trying to wait out the symptoms might be the initial thought, partly due to the perceived stigma around mental health in India, you must talk to your healthcare provider, preferably a mental health specialist, and be honest about how you feel. You can also opt for online doctor consultations with experienced psychologists and mental health specialists starting at just Rs 499. 

Treatment options for postpartum depression 

Treatment for postpartum depression begins with early identification. If you recognize any of the mentioned symptoms, consult an experienced healthcare provider (virtually or in person).

The healthcare provider will diagnose the condition and determine the appropriate treatment. Treatment might include: 

• Counselling
• Antidepressants, or 
• A combination of both, depending on the severity.
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also help address negative thought patterns.

5 simple ways to overcome postpartum depression

While recovering from postpartum depression is achievable, it is essential to understand that healing takes time. support and professional care.

Build a strong support system by surrounding yourself with loved ones who:

• Encourage you
• Understand your condition
• Offer help

Practise self-care by:

• Prioritising rest
• Maintaining a balanced diet
• Managing stress
• Engaging in regular physical activity

Conclusion

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious condition that requires medical attention. Mothers and their loved ones need to understand that PPD is not a reflection of character flaws or personal weakness. Rather, it is often a complication that arises post-pregnancy delivery. If you recognise any of the aforementioned symptoms, you must speak with a doctor immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions about Postpartum Depression: 

• What causes postpartum depression?
  Postpartum depression is caused by hormonal changes, physical adjustments, and emotional stress after childbirth.
• How to stay positive during postpartum?
  Practice self-care, seek support, and consider counselling.
• How can I avoid postpartum depression?
  Maintain a healthy lifestyle, seek support during pregnancy, and manage stress.
• How can I heal postpartum depression naturally?
  Focus on rest, nutrition, exercise, and support from loved ones.
• How long does postpartum depression last?
  Postpartum depression can last from a few months to over a year if untreated.
• When does postpartum depression occur?
  It usually occurs within the first few weeks to months after childbirth.
• Does postpartum depression affect men?
  Yes, though less commonly, men can experience postpartum depression.
• Is postpartum depression a psychiatric disorder?
  Yes, postpartum depression is classified as a mood disorder.
• Does postpartum depression affect sleep?
  Yes, it commonly causes sleep disturbances.
• Does postpartum depression include anxiety?
  Yes, anxiety is a common symptom alongside depressive symptoms.
• When is the risk of postpartum depression highest?
  The risk is highest in the first few months after childbirth.
• What happens if postpartum depression is not treated?
  It can lead to prolonged suffering, impaired mother-infant bonding, and other mental health issues.
• What is postpartum psychosis?
  A severe condition post-childbirth involving delusions, hallucinations, and mood swings.
• What is the difference between postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis?
  Postpartum psychosis involves severe symptoms like delusions and hallucinations, while postpartum depression primarily affects mood and behavior. Both require medical intervention. 

Related Blogs

Disclaimer

Medical Advice: The information provided in this blog post is for educational purposes only and should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance regarding your specific medical condition.

Accuracy of Information: While we strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, the field of medicine and viral fevers is constantly evolving. The content in this blog post may not reflect the most current research or medical guidelines. Therefore, it is advisable to cross-check any information provided with reliable sources or consult a healthcare professional.

Individual Variations: The symptoms, causes, treatment options, and preventive measures discussed in this blog post are general in nature and may not apply to everyone. It is important to remember that each individual’s situation is unique, and personalized medical advice should be sought when making healthcare decisions.

External Links: This blog post may contain links to external websites or resources for additional information. However, we do not endorse or have control over the content of these third-party websites. Accessing these links is done at your own risk, and we are not responsible for any consequences or damages that may arise from visiting these external sources.

Results May Vary: The effectiveness of treatment options or preventive measures mentioned in this blog post may vary from person to person. What works for one individual may not work the same way for another. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice tailored to your specific needs.